OCD vs. Autism: Similarities & Differences
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism might seem like two very different conditions on the surface, and in many ways, they are. However, they do share some common symptoms that could create confusion, and even a misdiagnosis.
The most important thing to understand about these two conditions is that autism is something you’re born with. It’s a developmental disorder that doesn’t develop because of life circumstances.
OCD, on the other hand, is considered a mental health disorder. While it can certainly occur in children, it tends to happen later throughout a person’s life.
With that distinct difference in mind, let’s take a closer look at OCD and autism, including some of the common similarities and what makes them different.
Shared Symptoms
One of the most obvious shared symptoms between OCD and autism is repetitive behavior. Someone with OCD, for example, might turn a doorknob a specific number of times before leaving the house. Or, they might turn on and off a light switch several times before they feel a sense of completion and comfort. People with OCD do this to help reduce stress and anxiety. If they aren’t able to complete their rituals or repetitive behaviors, they can become extremely anxious and uncomfortable.
Those with autism also tend to perform repetitive behaviors, but they tend to look different. These behaviors are often referred to as stimming and might include rocking back and forth, humming, pacing, or even opening and closing doors. The motivation behind these repetitive behaviors can be enjoyment, or they can serve as coping mechanisms. It’s not always easy for someone with autism to deal with the world around them, but these behaviors serve as reassuring sensory inputs.
Different Symptoms
Autism and OCD do have some shared symptoms. However, you can recognize the differences by learning more about some of the common signs of each disorder that are very different from one another.
People with OCD often deal with negative intrusive thoughts. It’s not uncommon for them to have an irrational fear of germs, fear of losing control, or extreme doubts. They might also struggle with aggressive thoughts about harming themselves or others, or unwanted sexual thoughts. Some people might try to use neutralizing thoughts to combat the negative ones. They also might use obsessions to help them feel safe and to keep their thoughts at bay.
People with autism also tend to struggle with social interactions. Autism is a spectrum disorder. Some people are able to communicate better than others, while some might be completely nonverbal.
How to Diagnose and Treat
Autism is typically diagnosed in childhood. While there isn’t a specific medical test for it, doctors are well-versed in the common signs and symptoms, especially at an early age. They will typically ask questions about a child’s behavior and observe those behaviors on their own.
OCD can be diagnosed at almost any stage of life. Again, there is no medical test for the disorder, but doctors can observe behaviors, ask you about your symptoms, and get information about your medical history.
Treatments for these two conditions are also very different. OCD is typically treated with a combination of medication and therapy. Autism is usually managed through developmental or behavioral therapies, but treatment often depends on where the individual is on the spectrum.
It’s essential to learn about the shared symptoms of these disorders, especially if you or someone you know seems to be struggling with them. If you’re interested in learning more about either condition, feel free to contact me for information. If you’ve already been diagnosed, anxiety therapy can make it easier to manage your symptoms on a daily basis.